Stomatitis treatment

Stomatitis causes significant discomfort, may interfere with eating, talking, and even negatively impact general well-being. Children are more frequently affected than adults.

The causes may vary: from infectious diseases to mechanical damage to the oral mucosa. It's important to understand that self-medication leads to complications. Professional treatment at Gallant Dental Clinic helps eliminate the issue quickly and effectively.

What is stomatitis and what can it lead to?

Stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa that can have various forms and degrees of severity. It most commonly appears as painful ulcers, redness, and swelling of the mucous membrane.

If left untreated, it can lead to chronic mucosal lesions, weakened immunity, and in severe cases, even affect internal organs due to the spread of infection.

Symptoms of Stomatitis in Adults and Children

Main symptoms include:

• Pain and discomfort in the mouth
• Formation of ulcers or erosions on the mucous membrane
• Redness and swelling of the gums and inner cheeks
• Development of chronic conditions (periodontitis and gingivitis)
• Burning or dry mouth sensation
• Dental issues (caries and pulpitis)
• Elevated body temperature (in some cases)

Children tend to suffer more acutely from the disease. They often exhibit excessive salivation, reduced appetite, and increased irritability.

Causes of Stomatitis

Stomatitis can be triggered by various factors that negatively affect the oral mucosa. The most common causes include:

• Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
• Mechanical injuries, such as biting the cheek or damage from hard food
• Allergic reactions to foods, medications, or hygiene products
• Weakened immunity, increasing the risk of inflammation
• Poor oral hygiene, promoting the accumulation of harmful bacteria

If harmful microorganisms enter the oral cavity while immune defense is low, they begin to multiply rapidly.

Why Is Stomatitis Common in Children?

Children are more susceptible due to the characteristics of their bodies and behavior. Their immune systems are not fully developed, making them more prone to infections. Causes may include teething, and contact with toys or foreign objects.

Types of Stomatitis and How to Identify Them

Stomatitis is classified based on the cause, features of mucosal damage, duration, and severity of the disease.

Candidal Stomatitis (Thrush)
Caused by Candida fungi, commonly seen in infants, immunocompromised individuals, or after antibiotics. Symptoms include a white coating on the mucosa, burning, pain, and unpleasant taste in the mouth.

Aphthous Stomatitis
Characterised by small ulcers (aphthae) with a white or yellowish coating and red inflamed borders. Causes include stress, allergies, vitamin deficiency, or gastrointestinal disorders. Painful during eating and talking.

Angular (Perleche) Stomatitis
Affects the corners of the mouth, causing cracks, redness, and discomfort when opening the mouth. Often due to vitamin B or iron deficiency, or fungal/bacterial infections.

Vesicular Stomatitis
Caused by viral infections like vesicular stomatitis virus. Appears as small fluid-filled blisters that burst, forming erosions. Often accompanied by fever and general weakness.

Bacterial Stomatitis
Results from bacterial infection (e.g., Streptococcus or Staphylococcus). Characterised by redness, swelling, pus deposits, and ulcers. Often develops after oral injury or poor hygiene.

Herpetic Stomatitis
Caused by the herpes simplex virus. Painful fluid-filled blisters form and later ulcerate. Usually accompanied by fever and general discomfort.

Catarrhal Stomatitis
Most common type, marked by redness, swelling, dry mucosa, and pain during meals. Often caused by poor hygiene, allergies, or chemical irritation.

Ulcerative (Necrotic) Stomatitis
Features deep, bleeding ulcers and intense pain. Accompanied by fever, bad breath, and weakness. Usually linked to severe immune disorders or infections.

Gangrenous (Noma) Stomatitis
The most severe form, affecting those with critically weakened immunity (e.g., severe malnutrition or chronic illness). Leads to tissue necrosis and deep ulcers with rapid infection spread.

Prosthetic Stomatitis
Caused by poorly fitted or unhygienic dentures. Manifests as redness, swelling, and discomfort at the contact site.

Stomatitis Diagnosis Methods

Several methods are used for accurate diagnosis:

• General clinical and biochemical blood tests
• Tissue biopsy
• Immunological and cytological analysis

These tests help assess mucosal cells and rule out malignancy.

How Is Stomatitis Transmitted?

Transmission depends on the type and cause of stomatitis:

• Through kissing, shared toothbrushes, dirty hands, or household items
• Via coughing, sneezing, or talking

Additionally, weakened immunity or mucosal injury can activate dormant pathogens and trigger the disease.

Stomatitis Prevention

To reduce your risk of developing stomatitis, follow these guidelines:

• Maintain good oral hygiene
• Strengthen your immune system
• Visit your dentist regularly
• Avoid harmful habits

If you notice signs of stomatitis, don’t delay in seeking professional help. At Gallant Dental Clinic, we offer expert care and a personalised approach for each patient.

How Is Stomatitis Treated?

Treatment depends on the cause and form of the disease and usually involves a combination of:

• Medication therapy
• Topical treatment
• Physiotherapy

A comprehensive approach helps eliminate symptoms and prevent recurrence.

Why Choose Professional Treatment?

Self-treatment leads to complications and chronic conditions. A qualified dental specialist can provide an accurate diagnosis, select effective treatment, and help prevent relapses.

Stomatitis is a common yet potentially serious condition that requires timely care. If you experience any symptoms, contact Gallant Dental Clinic for expert and compassionate treatment.